The doctorate is the highest level collegiate achievement. It is a prestigious commendation indicative of hard work, dedication, and professionalism. The doctorate degree's common meaning has changed over time, and its current representation is a creation of the 20th century. Until then, doctorate degrees were not frequently held by professional teachers, aside from senior scholars and clergy. Fast forward to today, most academic scholars earn doctorates before beginning their professional careers. While popular, teaching is certainly not the only application for such a degree.
In the United States, doctorate degrees can be generally divided into two categories of distinction: professional doctorates and research doctorates. The professional doctorate is logically designed to establish an advanced level of education for a number of professional applications. The research doctorate establishes that the student has mastered his/her theory in such excellence that his/her work is worthy of publication, typically in a peer-reviewed journal.
The most common research doctorate conferred to U.S. students is a PhD, or Doctor of Philosophy, although it's one of many. Most research doctorate programs require a Master's degree for admission, although there are some programs in existence that accept students with undergrad baccalaureate degrees.
Depending on the area of study, a research doctorate can take anywhere from three, upwards to ten years to complete. The criteria for completion typically includes of a final submission for review. This submission can take the form of an exam or test gauging the student's comprehension. It can also be a thesis, or dissertation, demonstrating the student's mastery of his/her theory. And some programs ask for a compilation like a portfolio in order to earn a doctorate. The exam/final submission criteria are entirely dependent on the area of study.
The professional doctorate, in contrast to the research degree is not a certification of subject mastery, but rather official recognition of the highest level of professional education completion. Students learn about the history, theory, development, technology and resources relevant to their focus. Doctors of Medicine (MD), for example, learn about complex anatomical details of the human body, while simultaneously learning about chemical processes that can create beneficial medicines. Juris Doctors (JD) might study historical trials as support material for mock trials.
Professional doctorates are intended to create the most trained specialists in any respective field. Many of these degrees extend to health professions, like Doctor of Pharmacy (D.Pharm) and Doctor of Chiropractic (DC). Others involve legal expertise like Juris Doctors (JD), who go on to become lawyers, and business education, like Doctor of Management and Doctor of Organizational Management and Leadership (DM).
Professional and research degrees have their own dissimilarities, and each program within the umbrellas is also unique. Although a Master's degree is not always necessary, many programs will require it. So if you're considering earning your doctorate, be sure to research the admissions requisites. Additionally, your transcripts should be honorable. Poor grades, low G.P.A. and/or GRE scores can limit your choices when applying to schools for a doctorate degree.
Letters of recommendation are another requirement that many doctoral degrees will require of candidates. If you're currently enrolled in school, speak with professors that you've worked well with on extracurricular programs, a research project, or even a band or club. The letter should truly recommend your knowledge and potential and so this person should know you well. And since you are applying to graduate schools, it is a good idea to obtain this backing from someone who has also earned his/her doctorate degree.
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